英语 · 句型 05
句型是把词汇组织成句的模子，交际用语是把句子用对的场景。两者共同决定口语与写作的分数。
| 句型 | 结构 | 说明与例句 |
|---|---|---|
| S + V | 主语 + 不及物动词 | Birds fly. 后不可直接加宾语 |
| S + V + O | 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 | She likes music. |
| S + V + P | 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 | 系动词：be、look、sound、taste、become、get、turn |
| S + V + IO + DO | 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 | He gave me a pen. = He gave a pen to me. |
| S + V + O + C | 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 | We made him happy. 宾补可为形容词、名词、分词、不定式 |
| there be | 存在句 | There is a book on the desk. 就近原则 |
| it 句型 | 形式主语／形式宾语 | It is important to learn. / I find it hard to say. |
| 场景 | 常用表达 | 应答 |
|---|---|---|
| 问候 | How are you doing? / How's it going? | Pretty good. / Not bad. |
| 介绍 | I'd like you to meet… / This is… | Nice to meet you. / Pleased to meet you. |
| 感谢 | Thanks a lot. / I really appreciate it. | You're welcome. / Don't mention it. / My pleasure. |
| 道歉 | I'm terribly sorry. / I apologize for… | That's all right. / Never mind. / No harm done. |
| 请求许可 | May I…? / Do you mind if…? | Go ahead. / Of course not. / I'm afraid not. |
| 建议 | Why not…? / How about…? / You'd better… | That sounds great. / I'd rather not. |
| 邀请 | Would you like to…? / Are you free…? | I'd love to. / I'm afraid I can't. |
| 打电话 | May I speak to…? / Hold on, please. | Speaking. / Who's calling? |
| 购物 | How much is it? / I'd like to try it on. | It fits well. / I'll take it. |
| 就医 | What's wrong? / I have a headache. | Take this medicine twice a day. |
| 结构 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 否定词提前 | Never、Seldom、Hardly、Not until 置句首，主句部分倒装 | Never have I seen such a sight. |
| only 提前 | Only + 状语置句首，主句倒装 | Only then did he realize the truth. |
| so / neither | 表“也（不）” | He likes tea. — So do I. / Neither does she. |
| 地点状语提前 | 完全倒装 | Here comes the bus. |
| 虚拟条件省略 if | Were / Had / Should 提前 | Were I you, I would go. |
| 强调句型 | It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who | It was in 2020 that we met. |
| do 强调 | do/does/did + 动词原形 | I do believe you. |
| what 强调 | What…is/was… | What I need is time. |
| 句型 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| It takes sb + 时间 + to do | 某人花费时间做某事 | It took me an hour to finish it. |
| It is + adj + for/of sb + to do | 对某人来说…… | It is kind of you to help.（形容人品质用 of） |
| so + adj + that | 如此……以至于（结果） | He was so tired that he fell asleep. |
| such + a/an + adj + n + that | 如此……的……以至于 | It was such a hot day that we stayed in. |
| too + adj + to do | 太……而不能 | He is too young to drive. |
| not … until | 直到……才 | He didn't leave until midnight. |
| It is said that… | 据说 | It is said that he resigned. |
| prefer A to B | 宁愿 A 不愿 B | I prefer tea to coffee. |
| would rather do than do | 宁愿……而不愿…… | I'd rather walk than wait. |
| the more…, the more… | 越……越…… | The more you read, the more you know. |
写作可用
把倒装与强调句型当作“加分句”储备：Not only… but also…、Only in this way can we…、It is… that…。一篇文章用 2–3 处即可，过多反而显得刻意。
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